A recent systematic review and meta-analysis has reported that antibiotics are used inappropriately by the general population, as seen in behaviours such as purchasing antibiotics from pharmacies without a prescription, demanding antibiotics from physicians, not following prescribed antibiotics, and using antibiotics as prophylaxis for non-indicated diseases. Respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases are common but are also commonly incorrectly managed by using antibiotics, and physicians needlessly write antibiotic prescriptions, increasing the chances of ABR prevalence. Mucormycosis is a relatively rare type of fungal infection, but its prevalence has increased significantly due to the irrational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in treating COVID-19 patients. Recently, the high prevalence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) has been witnessed by India, caused by resistant mucormycetes. For example, patients’ believed that antibiotics would help them in overcoming viral respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold. Patients’ belief in the remarkable effectiveness of antibiotics and their being universally efficacious against all ailments has resulted in overuse, which is one of the significant factors of the exponential growth of ABR. Among the causes of ABR, misuse and overuse of antibiotics directly affect ABR development, which occurs due to a lack of knowledge, careless attitudes, and incorrect beliefs of the public about antibiotics. Additionally, ABR threatens human healthcare progress, agricultural production, and, ultimately, life expectancy. In addition, people with low KAP should be a priority consideration in education outreach initiatives.Īntibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global threat that leads to treatment failure, increases in length of hospital stay, cost of care, morbidity, and mortality. So it is urgently necessary to strengthen policies on antibiotics use, including drug provision, distribution, and sales. Our findings concluded that men, respondents with low income, those with low-level education, and those living in rural areas are more prone to excessive use of antibiotics without knowing the adverse effects of improper use and how it can contribute to high ABR. Statistical analysis revealed that KAP about antibiotic use was significantly associated with gender, area of residence, level of education, and monthly income ( p < 0.05). In analyzing practice, we found 40% of respondents obtained antibiotics from a pharmacy without a prescription from a physician, a nurse, or a midwife. Concerning attitude, 50% of respondents had considered stopping taking antibiotics as soon as symptoms had disappeared. Regarding knowledge, 73.12% of respondents stated that antibiotics could be used to treat viral infections, and 63.35% of respondents answered that antibiotics could reduce fever. The sample size of this study was 575, with a 99.96% response rate. Finally, using Spearman analysis we have examined the correlation between responses to the KAP. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with KAP. Univariate analysis (using Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis analysis) was applied to assess the differences in the mean scores of KAP. A questionnaire was designed and validated, which consisted of a total of 51 questions with four sections: demographics (6), knowledge (20), attitude (12), and practice (13) to measure KAP. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the levels and associated factors of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antibiotics use among the public. Having information about the knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning antibiotics use by the public might help control ABR growth. , (accessed July 28, 2020).Misuse and overuse of antibiotics are potential causes of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys Geneva: World Health Organization: Stop TB Partnership, 2008. Stop TB Partnership (World Health Organization). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2016. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China. Attitude, practice, behavior, and mental health impact of COVID-19 on doctors. Asian J Psychiatry 2020 51: 102083.Ĭhatterjee SS, Bhattacharyya R, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic.
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